Fixed new catalytic cracking.

V

Cracking (gasoline)

Cracking is defined as "the decomposition of bigger hydrocarbon molecules into simpler low boiling hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight"

C₁₀ H₂₂-------Cracking----------- C₅H₁₂        +        C₅H₁₀

Decane                                      n-pentane          Pentene

B.Pt. 174^oC                            B.Pt. 36^oC

Thermal cracking 

Heavy oil ------------------High Temp------Olefins + Parafins

Higher Hydrocarbons                                Lower Hydrocarbons

Liquids Phase thermal cracking 

Heavy oil (gas Oil) -------475-53^oC (100Kg/Cm² Pressure) ------- Products----- Fractionating Column

then we get 50-60% gasoline.

Vapour phase thermal Cracking

Heavy oil ---------vaporised -----------600-650 ^oC (cracked 10-20Kg/ Cm² Pressure------readily vaporised------ Product

Petrol obtained from vapour phase cracking has better anti knocking properties but poor stability than petrol from liquid –phase cracking.

 

Fischer Tropsch Method

It is exothermic process.

Heavy oil ---------Cracking-------Gasoline

Water gas (CO+H₂) produced by passing steam over heated coke.

Mixed with Hydrogen.

Gas purified by passing through Fe₂O₃ ( to remove H₂S),then Fe₂O₃ +Na₂CO₃ ( to remove organic sulphur compounds).

Purified gas compressed to (5-25 atm.) and then led through a convertor, maintained at about 200-300^oC

Polymerization process of synthetic petrol

Labelled Diagram of Bergius Process

synthesis of Gasoline by Bergius process

The low ash coal is finely powdered and made into a paste with heavy oil and then a catalyst is incorporated .
Heated with hydrogen at 450 degree Celsius ,pressure 200-250 atm. for about 1.5 hours

2nH₂ + nC--------- C_nH_2n-- --Cracking----Low boiling liquids hydrocarbons

The gases led to condenser ,crude oil is obtained, which is then fractionated  to get Gasoline, Middle oil and heavy oil.

 

syntheticPetrol

The word petroleum Petra means Rock , Oleum means Oil .
Petroleum is a viscous, heavy, inflammable liquids, generally exhibiting green fluorescence and having characteristic unpleasant odour due to presence of some foul smelling sulphur compounds

SyntheticPetrol can be synthesis by polymerization